Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region
Marine Mining
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Abstract
Ferromanganese oxides in the Tonga-Lau region are divided into crusts and stratabound deposits. Crusts were collected from the Tonga and Lau Ridges and have Fe/Mn ratios greater than 1, and an average Co content of 0.25%. The crusts average less than 10 mm thick with a maximum of 50 mm, and growth rates of tens of millimeters per million years. The thickest crust is probably less than a million years old. Crusts formed by both hydrogenetic and hydrothermal precipitation, with the hydrothermal input averaging 76%. Stratabound deposits are divided into three types. The source rocks through which the circulating fluids passed controlled the dominant minor element compositions of the stratabound deposits from each area: Valu Fa Ridge, Mo; Tonga Ridge Ti; Tonumea, Sr and Eua, V. -from Authors
Suggested Citation
Hein, J., Schulz, M.S., Kang, J., 1990, Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region: Marine Mining, v. 9, no. 3, p. 305-354.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region |
| Series title | Marine Mining |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Year Published | 1990 |
| Language | English |
| Larger Work Type | Article |
| Larger Work Subtype | Journal Article |
| Larger Work Title | Marine Mining |
| First page | 305 |
| Last page | 354 |