The significance of pockmarks to understanding fluid flow processes and geohazards
Geofluids
By: M. Hovland, J.V. Gardner, and A.G. Judd
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Abstract
Underwater gas and liquid escape from the seafloor has long been treated as a mere curiosity. It was only after the advent of the side-scan sonar and the subsequent discovery of pockmarks that the scale of fluid escape and the moonlike terrain on parts of the ocean floor became generally known. Today, pockmarks ranging in size from the 'unit pockmark' (1-10 m wide, <0.6 m deep) to the normal pockmark (10-700 m wide, up to 45 m deep) are known to occur in most seas, oceans, lakes and in many diverse geological settings. In addition to indicating areas of the seabed that are 'hydraulically active', pockmarks are known to occur on continental slopes with gas hydrates and in association with slides and slumps. However, possibly their potentially greatest significance is as an indicator of deep fluid pressure build-up prior to earthquakes. Whereas only a few locations containing active (bubbling) pockmarks are known, those that become active a few days prior to major earthquakes may be important precursors that have been overlooked. Pockmark fields and individual pockmarks need to be instrumented with temperature and pressure sensors, and monitoring should continue over years. The scale of such research calls for a multinational project in several pockmark fields in various geological settings.
Suggested Citation
Hovland, M., Gardner, J., Judd, A., 2002, The significance of pockmarks to understanding fluid flow processes and geohazards: Geofluids, v. 2, no. 2, p. 127-136, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-8123.2002.00028.x.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | The significance of pockmarks to understanding fluid flow processes and geohazards |
| Series title | Geofluids |
| DOI | 10.1046/j.1468-8123.2002.00028.x |
| Volume | 2 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Publication Date | May 07, 2002 |
| Year Published | 2002 |
| Language | English |
| Larger Work Type | Article |
| Larger Work Subtype | Journal Article |
| Larger Work Title | Geofluids |
| First page | 127 |
| Last page | 136 |