The 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake: A 3D dynamic stress transfer model of intraearthquake triggering
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
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Abstract
Before the August 1999 Izmit (Kocaeli), Turkey, earthquake, theoretical studies of earthquake ruptures and geological observations had provided estimates of how far an earthquake might jump to get to a neighboring fault. Both numerical simulations and geological observations suggested that 5 km might be the upper limit if there were no transfer faults. The Izmit earthquake appears to have followed these expectations. It did not jump across any step-over wider than 5 km and was instead stopped by a narrower step-over at its eastern end and possibly by a stress shadow caused by a historic large earthquake at its western end. Our 3D spontaneous rupture simulations of the 1999 Izmit earthquake provide two new insights: (1) the west- to east-striking fault segments of this part of the North Anatolian fault are oriented so as to be low-stress faults and (2) the easternmost segment involved in the August 1999 rupture may be dipping. An interesting feature of the Izmit earthquake is that a 5-km-long gap in surface rupture and an adjacent 25° restraining bend in the fault zone did not stop the earthquake. The latter observation is a warning that significant fault bends in strike-slip faults may not arrest future earthquakes.
Suggested Citation
Harris, R., Dolan, J., Hartleb, R., Day, S., 2002, The 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake: A 3D dynamic stress transfer model of intraearthquake triggering: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 1, p. 245-255, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000825.
ISSN: 1943-3573 (online)
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | The 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake: A 3D dynamic stress transfer model of intraearthquake triggering |
| Series title | Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |
| DOI | 10.1785/0120000825 |
| Volume | 92 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Year Published | 2002 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Seismological Society of America |
| Publisher location | El Cerrito, CA |
| Contributing office(s) | Earthquake Science Center |
| Description | 11 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Article |
| Larger Work Subtype | Journal Article |
| Larger Work Title | Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |
| First page | 245 |
| Last page | 255 |
| Country | Turkey |
| City | Izmit |