Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment
Links
- More information: Publisher Index Page (via DOI)
- Download citation as: RIS | Dublin Core
Abstract
Debris flows typically occur when intense rainfall or snowmelt triggers landslides or extensive erosion on steep, debris-mantled slopes. The flows can then grow dramatically in size and speed as they entrain material from their beds and banks, but the mechanism of this growth is unclear. Indeed, momentum conservation implies that entrainment of static material should retard the motion of the flows if friction remains unchanged. Here we use data from large-scale experiments to assess the entrainment of bed material by debris flows. We find that entrainment is accompanied by increased flow momentum and speed only if large positive pore pressures develop in wet bed sediments as the sediments are overridden by debris flows. The increased pore pressure facilitates progressive scour of the bed, reduces basal friction and instigates positive feedback that causes flow speed, mass and momentum to increase. If dryer bed sediment is entrained, however, the feedback becomes negative and flow momentum declines. We infer that analogous feedbacks could operate in other types of gravity-driven mass flow that interact with erodible beds.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment |
| Series title | Nature Geoscience |
| DOI | 10.1038/ngeo1040 |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Year Published | 2011 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Nature |
| Contributing office(s) | Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Volcano Science Center |
| Description | 8 p. |
| First page | 116 |
| Last page | 121 |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |