Occurrence and fate of the herbicide glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid in the atmosphere
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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Abstract
This is the first report on the ambient levels of glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide in the United States, and its major degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in air and rain. Concurrent, weekly integrated air particle and rain samples were collected during two growing seasons in agricultural areas in Mississippi and Iowa. Rain was also collected in Indiana in a preliminary phase of the study. The frequency of glyphosate detection ranged from 60 to 100% in both air and rain. The concentrations of glyphosate ranged from <0.01 to 9.1 ng/m3 and from <0.1 to 2.5 µg/L in air and rain samples, respectively. The frequency of detection and median and maximum concentrations of glyphosate in air were similar or greater to those of the other high-use herbicides observed in the Mississippi River basin, whereas its concentration in rain was greater than the other herbicides. It is not known what percentage of the applied glyphosate is introduced into the air, but it was estimated that up to 0.7% of application is removed from the air in rainfall. Glyphosate is efficiently removed from the air; it is estimated that an average of 97% of the glyphosate in the air is removed by a weekly rainfall ≥30 mm.
Suggested Citation
Chang, F., Simcik, M., Capel, P., 2011, Occurrence and fate of the herbicide glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid in the atmosphere: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 3, p. 548-555, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.431.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Occurrence and fate of the herbicide glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid in the atmosphere |
| Series title | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
| DOI | 10.1002/etc.431 |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Publication Date | March 01, 2011 |
| Year Published | 2011 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | SETAC |
| Publisher location | Brussels, Belgium |
| Contributing office(s) | Minnesota Water Science Center |
| Description | 8 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Article |
| Larger Work Subtype | Journal Article |
| Larger Work Title | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
| First page | 548 |
| Last page | 555 |