Modeling lahar behavior and hazards
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Abstract
Lahars are highly mobile mixtures of water and sediment of volcanic origin that are capable of traveling tens to > 100 km at speeds exceeding tens of km hr-1. Such flows are among the most serious ground-based hazards at many volcanoes because of their sudden onset, rapid advance rates, long runout distances, high energy, ability to transport large volumes of material, and tendency to flow along existing river channels where populations and infrastructure are commonly concentrated. They can grow in volume and peak discharge through erosion and incorporation of external sediment and/or water, inundate broad areas, and leave deposits many meters thick. Furthermore, lahars can recur for many years to decades after an initial volcanic eruption, as fresh pyroclastic material is eroded and redeposited during rainfall events, resulting in a spatially and temporally evolving hazard. Improving understanding of the behavior of these complex, gravitationally driven, multi-phase flows is key to mitigating the threat to communities at lahar-prone volcanoes. However, their complexity and evolving nature pose significant challenges to developing the models of flow behavior required for delineating their hazards and hazard zones.
Suggested Citation
Manville, V., Major, J.J., Fagents, S.A., 2013, Modeling lahar behavior and hazards, chap. of Modeling volcanic processes: the physics and mathematics of volcanism, p. 300-330, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139021562.014.
| Publication type | Book chapter |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Book Chapter |
| Title | Modeling lahar behavior and hazards |
| ISBN | 9781139021562; 9780521895439 |
| DOI | 10.1017/CBO9781139021562.014 |
| Year Published | 2013 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| Publisher location | Cambridge |
| Contributing office(s) | Volcano Science Center |
| Description | 31 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Book |
| Larger Work Subtype | Other Government Series |
| Larger Work Title | Modeling volcanic processes: the physics and mathematics of volcanism |
| First page | 300 |
| Last page | 330 |
| Country | United States |