A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007
Nature Geoscience
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Abstract
The eruptive activity of a volcano is fundamentally controlled by the rate of magma supply. At Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, the rate of magma rising from a source within Earth’s mantle, through the Hawaiian hotspot, was thought to have been relatively steady in recent decades. Here we show that the magma supply to Kīlauea at least doubled during 2003–2007, resulting in dramatic changes in eruptive activity and the formation of new eruptive vents. An initial indication of the surge in supply was an increase in CO2 emissions during 2003–2004, combined with the onset of inflation of Kīlauea’s summit, measured using the Global Positioning System and interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Inflation was not limited to the summit magma reservoirs, but was recorded as far as 50 km from the summit, implying the existence of a connected magma system over that distance. We also record increases in SO2 emissions, heightened seismicity, and compositional and temperature variations in erupted lavas. The increase in the volume of magma passing through and stored within Kīlauea, coupled with increased CO2 emissions, indicate a mantle source for the magma surge. We suggest that magma supply from the Hawaiian hotspot can vary over timescales of years, and that CO2 emissions could be a valuable aid for assessing variations in magma supply at Kīlauea and other volcanoes.
Suggested Citation
Poland, M., Miklius, A., Sutton, A.J., Thornber, C.R., 2012, A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, p. 295-300, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1426.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007 |
| Series title | Nature Geoscience |
| DOI | 10.1038/ngeo1426 |
| Volume | 5 |
| Publication Date | March 25, 2012 |
| Year Published | 2012 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| Contributing office(s) | Hawaiian Volcano Observatory |
| Description | 6 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Article |
| Larger Work Subtype | Journal Article |
| Larger Work Title | Nature Geoscience |
| First page | 295 |
| Last page | 300 |
| Other Geospatial | Kilauea Volcano |