Hydrogeomorphic effects of explosive volcanic eruptions on drainage basins
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Abstract
Explosive eruptions can severely disturb landscapes downwind or downstream of volcanoes by damaging vegetation and depositing large volumes of erodible fragmental material. As a result, fluxes of water and sediment in affected drainage basins can increase dramatically. System-disturbing processes associated with explosive eruptions include tephra fall, pyroclastic density currents, debris avalanches, and lahars—processes that have greater impacts on water and sediment discharges than lava-flow emplacement. Geo-morphic responses to such disturbances can extend far downstream, persist for decades, and be hazardous. The severity of disturbances to a drainage basin is a function of the specific volcanic process acting, as well as distance from the volcano and magnitude of the eruption. Postdisturbance unit-area sediment yields are among the world's highest; such yields commonly result in abundant redeposition of sand and gravel in distal river reaches, which causes severe channel aggradation and instability. Response to volcanic disturbance can result in socioeconomic consequences more damaging than the direct impacts of the eruption itself.
Suggested Citation
Pierson, T.C., and Major, J.J., 2014, Hydrogeomorphic effects of explosive volcanic eruptions on drainage basins: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 42, p. 469-507, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054913.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Hydrogeomorphic effects of explosive volcanic eruptions on drainage basins |
| Series title | Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| DOI | 10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054913 |
| Volume | 42 |
| Year Published | 2014 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Annual Reviews |
| Contributing office(s) | Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center |
| Description | 39 p. |
| First page | 469 |
| Last page | 507 |