Prevention and treatment of Nitrite toxicity in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)
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Abstract
The efficacy of mineral salts, pH, and tetramethylthianine (methylene blue) treatment in reducing the acute toxicity of nitrite to fingerling steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) was determined using a static bioassay system at 10 °C. The acute toxicity (96-h LC50) was reduced by a factor of about 24 for 5-g steelhead and 13 for 10-g fish when the total water hardness was increased from 25 to 300 mg/L (as CaCO3). NaCl or CaCl2 additions (0–200 mg/L) reduced toxicity by a factor of up to 3 for NaCl and 50 for CaCl2. Increasing the pH from 6.0 to 8.0 decreased toxicity by a factor of about 8 for the smaller and 3 for the larger fish. Methylene blue at 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L was effective in decreasing acute toxicity. For alleviating methemoglobinemia, removing the fish to freshwater for 48 h was about as effective as 1.0 mg/L methylene blue. Chronic exposure in soft water to 0.03 mg/L NO2-N for 6 mo caused no significant growth reduction, gill histological changes, hematological dyscrasias, or impaired ability of the smolts to adapt to 30‰ seawater and grow for an additional 2 mo. Key words: nitrite, toxicity, fish, methylene blue, pH, salts, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Prevention and treatment of Nitrite toxicity in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) |
| Series title | Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada |
| DOI | 10.1139/f78-132 |
| Volume | 35 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Year Published | 1978 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | NRC Research Press |
| Contributing office(s) | Western Fisheries Research Center |
| Description | 6 p. |
| First page | 822 |
| Last page | 827 |
| Online Only (Y/N) | N |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | N |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |