Measurements of P and S wave fronts from the dense three-dimensional array at Garni, Armenia
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Abstract
The P- and S-wave arrivals from local earthquakes were studied using an array of 10 three-component instruments in and around a tunnel at Garni Observatory, Armenia. The array has a three-dimensional configuration with lateral dimensions of 300 to 500 m and a depth extent of 100 m. Estimates of the horizontal and vertical components of slowness for P and S wave fronts were used to determine the angles of approach and the propagation velocity. The results showed that the region around the array has low average velocities for both the P (1.43 km/sec) and S (0.61 km/sec) waves, so wave fronts approach the array at steep angles of incidence. Waveforms from one event show clear reflections from the free surface for both P and S waves. The timing of these reflections gives the velocity variation with depth within the array. We estimated a P velocity of 0.33 km/sec within a few meters of the surface, increasing to several kilometers per second for the deepest portion of the array. Local site variations can greatly complicate the high-frequency waveforms, even for tunnel stations in bedrock. The S waves exhibit stronger site dependent waveforms and time delays than do the P waves.
Study Area
Publication type | Article |
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Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
Title | Measurements of P and S wave fronts from the dense three-dimensional array at Garni, Armenia |
Series title | Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |
DOI | 10.1785/BSSA0840041089 |
Volume | 84 |
Issue | 4 |
Year Published | 1994 |
Language | English |
Publisher | Seismological Society of America |
Contributing office(s) | Earthquake Hazards Program |
Description | 8 p. |
First page | 1089 |
Last page | 1096 |
Country | Armenia |
City | Garni |
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