Marine ferromanganese encrustations: Archives of changing oceans
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Abstract
Marine iron–manganese oxide coatings occur in many shallow and deep-water areas of the global ocean and can form in three ways: 1) Fe–Mn crusts can precipitate from seawater onto rocks on seamounts; 2) Fe–Mn nodules can form on the sediment surface around a nucleus by diagenetic processes in sediment pore water; 3) encrustations can precipitate from hydrothermal fluids. These oxide coatings have been growing for thousands to tens of millions of years. They represent a vast archive of how oceans have changed, including variations of climate, ocean currents, geological activity, erosion processes on land, and even anthropogenic impact. A growing toolbox of age-dating methods and element and isotopic signatures are being used to exploit these archives.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Marine ferromanganese encrustations: Archives of changing oceans |
| Series title | Elements |
| DOI | 10.2113/gselements.13.3.177 |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Year Published | 2017 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Mineralogical Society of America |
| Contributing office(s) | Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center |
| Description | 6 p. |
| First page | 177 |
| Last page | 182 |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |