Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era

Helen V. McGregor; Michael N. Evans; Hugues Goosse; Guillaume Leduc; Belen Martrat; Jason A. Addison; P. Graham Mortyn; Delia W. Oppo; Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz; Marie-Alexandrine Sicre; Steven J. Phipps; Kandasamy Selvaraj; Kaustubh Thirumalai; Helena L. Filipsson; Vasile Ersek

doi:10.1038/ngeo2510

Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era

Nature Geoscience

By: Helen V. McGregor, Michael N. Evans, Hugues Goosse, Guillaume Leduc, Belen Martrat, Jason A. Addison, P. Graham Mortyn, Delia W. Oppo, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Steven J. Phipps, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Helena L. Filipsson, and Vasile Ersek

https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510

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Abstract

The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (CE) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 CEthat is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 CE, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 CE is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content.

Additional publication details
Publication type	Article
Publication Subtype	Journal Article
Title	Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era
Series title	Nature Geoscience
DOI	10.1038/ngeo2510
Volume	8
Publication Date	August 17, 2015
Year Published	2015
Language	English
Publisher	Nature
Contributing office(s)	Volcano Science Center
Description	7 p.
First page	671
Last page	677
Google Analytic Metrics	Metrics page