A cautionary tale of topography and tilt from Kilauea Caldera
Geophysical Research Letters
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Abstract
We conduct finite element analysis to investigate the effect of sharp topography on surface ground deformation caused by pressure changes in a magma reservoir. Tilt data express the horizontal gradient of vertical displacement and therefore can emphasize small variations in deformation that go unnoticed using other methods. We find that the vertical displacement profile at a surface with a cliff can be thought of as the superposition of the deformation from shallow and deeper sources. This combination can create a small peak in vertical displacement that acts as a pseudo‐source, creating a reversal of the deformation gradient and therefore anomalous tilt magnitude and a rotation of up to 180°. We apply these models to Kīlauea Caldera and find that surface geometry creates a tilt rotation of ∼10°, partially explaining anomalous tilt that has been observed. Our analysis highlights the importance of considering topography when assessing tilt measurements at active volcanoes.
Suggested Citation
Johnson, J.A., Poland, M.P., Anderson, K.R., Biggs, J., 2019, A cautionary tale of topography and tilt from Kilauea Caldera: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 46, no. 8, p. 4221-4229, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081757.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | A cautionary tale of topography and tilt from Kilauea Caldera |
| Series title | Geophysical Research Letters |
| DOI | 10.1029/2018GL081757 |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Publication Date | April 29, 2019 |
| Year Published | 2019 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Wiley |
| Contributing office(s) | Volcano Science Center |
| Description | 9 p. |
| First page | 4221 |
| Last page | 4229 |
| Country | United States |
| State | Hawaii |
| Other Geospatial | Kilauea Caldera |