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Abstract
Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extractions has produced large economic benefits. However, prudent management of UOG wastes necessitates a thorough understanding of the complex composition, fate, and potential impacts of wastewater releases. UOG production results in large volumes of wastewater. Despite limited re-use of the wastewater, the majority needs to be disposed of, usually by underground injection. The wastewater contains myriad organic, inorganic, and radioactive substances from hydraulic fracturing and production activities or from the (typically shale) formation. Many substances in this wastewater are either proprietary, or are known or potential toxicants. Limited toxicological studies of these mixtures suggest that some of the components are highly toxic. Thus, any releases of untreated wastewater may represent a threat to environmental integrity and human health.
| Publication type | Book chapter |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Book Chapter |
| Title | Review of studies of composition, toxicology and human health impacts of wastewater from unconventional oil and gas development from shale |
| Chapter | 23 |
| Year Published | 2020 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | CAB International Publishers |
| Contributing office(s) | Eastern Energy Resources Science Center |
| Description | 17 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Book |
| Larger Work Subtype | Monograph |
| Larger Work Title | A handbook of environmental toxicology: Human disorders and ecotoxicology |
| First page | 334 |
| Last page | 350 |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |