Lead exposure of red-shouldered hawks during the breeding season in the central Appalachians, USA
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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Abstract
Lead is toxic to humans and wildlife. Most studies of lead exposure of raptors focus on the winter, non-breeding season when they scavenge heavily. We evaluated blood lead concentrations (BLCs) of red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus) during the non-scavenging season in the eastern United States. BLCs of 53 of 70 hawks were above the limit of detection ( x¯ = 9.25 µg/dL ± 19.81; ± SD). Adult hawks had higher BLCs ( x¯ = 12.86 µg/dL ± 24.72) than did nestlings ( x¯ = 3.25 µg/dL ± 2.62; p ≤ 0.001, χ2 = 13.2). There was no difference in BLCs of adult hawks among physiographic provinces but there were differences between urban and non-urban settings (p = 0.04, χ2 = 4.2). Soils and invertebrate hawk prey also had quantifiable lead concentrations. Our work shows that red-shouldered hawks are exposed to lead when not scavenging, and suggests pathways by which these birds may be exposed.
Suggested Citation
Katzner, T., 2019, Lead exposure of red-shouldered hawks during the breeding season in the central Appalachians, USA: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 103, no. 6, p. 783-788, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02732-9.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Lead exposure of red-shouldered hawks during the breeding season in the central Appalachians, USA |
| Series title | Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00128-019-02732-9 |
| Volume | 103 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Publication Date | October 23, 2019 |
| Year Published | 2019 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Contributing office(s) | Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center |
| Description | 6 p. |
| First page | 783 |
| Last page | 788 |
| Country | United States |
| Other Geospatial | Central Appalachians |