Threats posed by the Fungal Kingdom to humans, wildlife, and agriculture
mBio
By: Matthew C. Fisher, Sarah J. Gurr, Christina A. Cuomo, David S. Blehert, Hailing Jin, Eva H. Stukenbrock, Jason E. Stajich, Regine Kahmann, Charles Boone, David W. Denning, Neil A. R. Gow, Bruce S. Klein, James W. Kronstad, Donald C. Sheppard, John W. Taylor, Gerard D. Wright, Joseph Heitman, Arturo Casadevall, and Leah E. Cowen
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Abstract
The Fungal Kingdom includes at least six million eukaryotic species and is remarkable with respect to its profound impact on global health, biodiversity, ecology, agriculture, manufacturing, and biomedical research. Approximately 625 fungal species have been reported to infect vertebrates, 200 of which can be human-associated, either as commensals and members of our microbiome or as pathogens that cause infectious diseases. These organisms pose a growing threat to human health with the global increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections, prevalence of fungal allergy, and the evolution of fungal pathogens resistant to some or all current classes of antifungals. More broadly, there has been an unprecedented and worldwide emergence of fungal pathogens impacting animal and plant biodiversity. Approximately 8,000 species of fungi and Oomycetes are associated with plant disease. Indeed, across agriculture, such fungal diseases of plants include new devastating epidemics of trees and jeopardize food security worldwide by causing epidemics in staple and commodity crops that feed billions. Further, ingestion of mycotoxins contributes to ill health and causes cancer. Coordinated international research efforts, enhanced technology translation, and greater policy outreach by scientists are needed to more fully understand the biology and drivers that underlie the emergence of fungal diseases and to mitigate against their impacts. Here, we focus on poignant examples of emerging fungal threats in each of three areas: human health, wildlife biodiversity, and food security.
Suggested Citation
Fisher, M.C., Gurr, S.J., Cuomo, C.A., Blehert, D.S., Jin, H., Stukenbrock, E.H., Stajich, J.E., Kahmann, R., Boone, C., Denning, D.W., Gow, N.A., Klein, B.S., Kronstad, J.W., Sheppard, D.C., Taylor, J.W., Wright, G.D., Heitman, J., Casadevall, A., Cowen, L.E., 2020, Threats posed by the Fungal Kingdom to humans, wildlife, and agriculture: mBio, v. 11, no. 3, e00449-20, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00449-20.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Threats posed by the Fungal Kingdom to humans, wildlife, and agriculture |
| Series title | mBio |
| DOI | 10.1128/mBio.00449-20 |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Year Published | 2020 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| Contributing office(s) | National Wildlife Health Center |
| Description | e00449-20, 17 p. |