Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea volcano in 2018
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Abstract
Caldera-forming eruptions are among Earths most hazardous natural phenomena, yet the architecture of subcaldera magma reservoirs and the conditions that trigger collapse are poorly understood. Observations from the formation of a 0.8cubic kilometer basaltic caldera at Klauea Volcano in 2018 included the draining of an active lava lake, which provided a window into pressure decrease in the reservoir. We show that failure began after <4% of magma was withdrawn from a shallow reservoir beneath the volcanos summit, reducing its internal pressure by ~17 megapascals. Several cubic kilometers of magma were stored in the reservoir, and only a fraction was withdrawn before the end of the eruption. Thus, caldera formation may begin after withdrawal of only small amounts of magma and may end before source reservoirs are completely evacuated.
Suggested Citation
Anderson, K.R., Johanson, I.A., Patrick, M.R., Gu, M., Segall, P., Poland, M.P., Montgomery-Brown, E., Miklius, A., 2019, Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea volcano in 2018: Science, v. 366, no. 6470, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz1822.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea volcano in 2018 |
| Series title | Science |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.aaz1822 |
| Volume | 366 |
| Issue | 6470 |
| Year Published | 2019 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| Contributing office(s) | Volcano Science Center |
| Description | 10 p. |
| Country | United States |
| State | Hawaii |
| Other Geospatial | Kīlauea volcano |