Sea otter population collapse in southwest Alaska: Assessing ecological covariates, consequences, and causal factors
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- USGS data release - Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sea Otter Blood and in Blue Mussels from the Aleutian Islands and Southeast Alaska
- USGS data release - Morphometric and Reproductive Status Data for Sea Otters Collected or Captured in Alaska
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Abstract
Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in southwest Alaska declined substantially between about 1990 and the most recent set of surveys in 2015. Here we report changes in the distribution and abundance of sea otters, and covarying patterns in reproduction, mortality, body size and condition, diet and foraging behavior, food availability, health profiles, and exposure to environmental contaminants over this 25-yr period. The population decline, which resulted in densities on the order of 5% of environmental carrying capacity, ranged from Attu Island in the west to about Castle Cape (on the south side of the Alaska Peninsula) in the east. Remaining sea otters moved closer to shore and into shallow, protected habitats. Reproductive rates appeared unchanged with the decline. Although the demographic cause of the decline was clearly elevated mortality, stranded carcasses were rare or absent. The net rate of energy gain by foraging sea otters, body length and condition, and prey biomass density, all increased after the decline and varied inversely with sea otter population density beyond the area of decline. Sea otters within the area of decline showed no increases in health anomalies, disease, contaminant exposure, or abnormal gene transcription patterns as compared to animals outside the area of decline. These collective findings are inconsistent with nutritional limitation, disease, or environmental contaminants, and consistent with predation (or possibly some other density-independent factor) as the reason for the sea otter population decline. Our approach and analyses provide a broad conceptual template for thinking about and assessing the causes of wildlife population declines.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Sea otter population collapse in southwest Alaska: Assessing ecological covariates, consequences, and causal factors |
| Series title | Ecological Monographs |
| DOI | 10.1002/ecm.1472 |
| Volume | 91 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Year Published | 2021 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Ecological Society of America |
| Contributing office(s) | Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB, Western Ecological Research Center |
| Description | e01472, 55 p. |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |