Growth response of the ichthyotoxic haptophyte, Prymnesium parvum Carter, to changes in sulfate and fluoride concentrations
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Abstract
Golden alga Prymnesium parvum Carter is a euryhaline, ichthyotoxic haptophyte (Chromista). Because of its presumed coastal/marine origin where SO42- levels are high, the relatively high SO42- concentration of its brackish inland habitats, and the sensitivity of marine chromists to sulfur deficiency, this study examined whether golden alga growth is sensitive to SO42- concentration. Fluoride is a ubiquitous ion that has been reported at higher levels in golden alga habitat; thus, the influence of F- on growth also was examined. In low-salinity (5 psu) artificial seawater medium, overall growth was SO42—dependent up to 1000 mg l-1 using MgSO4 or Na2SO4 as source; the influence on growth rate, however, was more evident with MgSO4. Transfer from 5 to 30 psu inhibited growth when salinity was raised with NaCl but in the presence of seawater levels of SO42-, these effects were fully reversed with MgSO4 as source and only partially reversed with Na2SO4. Growth inhibition was not observed after acute transfer to 30 psu in a commercial sea salt mixture. In 5-psu medium, F- inhibited growth at all concentrations tested. These observations support the hypothesis that spatial differences in SO42- –but not F-–concentration help drive the inland distribution and growth of golden alga and also provide physiological relevance to reports of relatively high Mg2+ concentrations in golden alga habitat. At high salinity, however, the ability of sulfate to maintain growth under osmotic stress was weak and overshadowed by the importance of Mg2+. A mechanistic understanding of growth responses of golden alga to SO42-, Mg2+ and other ions at environmentally relevant levels and under different salinity scenarios will be necessary to clarify their ecophysiological and evolutionary relevance.
Suggested Citation
Rashel, R.B., Patino, R., 2019, Growth response of the ichthyotoxic haptophyte, Prymnesium parvum Carter, to changes in sulfate and fluoride concentrations: PLoS ONE, v. 14, no. 9, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223266.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Growth response of the ichthyotoxic haptophyte, Prymnesium parvum Carter, to changes in sulfate and fluoride concentrations |
| Series title | PLoS ONE |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0223266 |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue | 9 |
| Publication Date | September 27, 2019 |
| Year Published | 2019 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | PLoS ONE |
| Contributing office(s) | Coop Res Unit Atlanta |
| Description | e0223266, 19 p. |
| First page | 1 |
| Last page | 19 |