Lack of strong responses to the Pacific marine heatwave by benthivorous marine birds indicates importance of trophic drivers

Marine Ecology Progress Series
By: , and 

Links

Abstract

The Pacific marine heatwave (PMH) of 2014-2016 was an intense, long-lasting environmental disturbance expressed throughout the north Pacific. While dramatic consequences of the PMH on pelagic food webs have been well documented, effects on nearshore food webs, i.e., those based on macroalgae primary productivity, benthic invertebrate intermediate consumers, and specialized benthivorous top predators including some marine birds, are not well understood. We conducted summer and winter coastline surveys in two National Parks in the northern Gulf of Alaska from 2006 – 2022. We evaluated changes in abundance of benthivorous marine birds in relation to the heatwave, after accounting for effects of season and region. We also evaluated changes in abundance of nearshore benthic invertebrate prey data to allow specific consideration of a prey-based mechanism for effects of the PMH across food webs. We found that benthivorous marine birds, consisting largely of sea ducks and shorebirds, did not show a strong response to the PMH, unlike significant effects demonstrated by piscivorous birds in pelagic biomes. Unlike extreme reductions in quantity and quality of forage fish documented in other studies, we found that common benthic invertebrate prey abundance remained relatively stable, with only minor increases or decreases, in association with the PMH. Our results support the hypothesis that food availability has a strong mediating effect of the PMH on upper trophic levels across food webs. These findings show how a large-scale environmental perturbation affects biological communities through trophic pathways, provides insight into ecosystem resiliency, and can inform management strategies in the face of persistent climate change.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Lack of strong responses to the Pacific marine heatwave by benthivorous marine birds indicates importance of trophic drivers
Series title Marine Ecology Progress Series
DOI 10.3354/meps14384
Volume 737
Year Published 2024
Language English
Publisher Inter-Research Science Publishers
Contributing office(s) Alaska Science Center Ecosystems
Description 12 p.
First page 215
Last page 226
Country United States
State Alaska
Other Geospatial Katmai National Park and Preserve, Kenai Fjords National Park
Google Analytic Metrics Metrics page
Additional publication details