The 2023 US 50-State National Seismic Hazard Model: Overview and implications
Earthquake Spectra
By: Mark D. Petersen, Allison Shumway, Peter M. Powers, Edward H. Field, Morgan P. Moschetti, Kishor S. Jaiswal, Kevin R. Milner, Sanaz Rezaeian, Arthur D. Frankel, Andrea L. Llenos, Andrew J. Michael, Jason M. Altekruse, Sean Kamran Ahdi, Kyle Withers, Charles Mueller, Yuehua Zeng, Robert E. Chase, Leah M. Salditch, Nico Luco, Kenneth S. Rukstales, Julie A. Herrick, Demi Leafar Girot, Brad T. Aagaard, Adrian Bender, Michael L. Blanpied, Richard W. Briggs, Oliver S. Boyd, Brandon Clayton, Christopher DuRoss, Eileen L. Evans, Peter J. Haeussler, Alexandra Elise Hatem, Kirstie Lafon Haynie, Elizabeth H. Hearn, Kaj M. Johnson, Zachary Alan Kortum, N. Simon Kwong, Andrew James Makdisi, Henry Mason, Daniel McNamara, Devin McPhillips, P. Okubo, Morgan T. Page, Frederick Pollitz, Justin Rubinstein, Bruce E. Shaw, Zheng-Kang Shen, Brian Shiro, James Andrew Smith, William J. Stephenson, Eric M. Thompson, Jessica Ann Thompson Jobe, Erin A. Wirth, and Robert C. Witter
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Abstract
The US National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) was updated in 2023 for all 50 states using new science on seismicity, fault ruptures, ground motions, and probabilistic techniques to produce a standard of practice for public policy and other engineering applications (defined for return periods greater than ∼475 or less than ∼10,000 years). Changes in 2023 time-independent seismic hazard (both increases and decreases compared to previous NSHMs) are substantial because the new model considers more data and updated earthquake rupture forecasts and ground-motion components. In developing the 2023 model, we tried to apply best available or applicable science based on advice of co-authors, more than 50 reviewers, and hundreds of hazard scientists and end-users, who attended public workshops and provided technical inputs. The hazard assessment incorporates new catalogs, declustering algorithms, gridded seismicity models, magnitude-scaling equations, fault-based structural and deformation models, multi-fault earthquake rupture forecast models, semi-empirical and simulation-based ground-motion models, and site amplification models conditioned on shear-wave velocities of the upper 30 m of soil and deeper sedimentary basin structures. Seismic hazard calculations yield hazard curves at hundreds of thousands of sites, ground-motion maps, uniform-hazard response spectra, and disaggregations developed for pseudo-spectral accelerations at 21 oscillator periods and two peak parameters, Modified Mercalli Intensity, and 8 site classes required by building codes and other public policy applications. Tests show the new model is consistent with past ShakeMap intensity observations. Sensitivity and uncertainty assessments ensure resulting ground motions are compatible with known hazard information and highlight the range and causes of variability in ground motions. We produce several impact products including building seismic design criteria, intensity maps, planning scenarios, and engineering risk assessments showing the potential physical and social impacts. These applications provide a basis for assessing, planning, and mitigating the effects of future earthquakes.
Suggested Citation
Petersen, M.D., Shumway, A., Powers, P.M., Field, N., Moschetti, M.P., Jaiswal, K.S., Milner, K.R., Rezaeian, S., Frankel, A.D., Llenos, A.L., Michael, A.J., Altekruse, J.M., Ahdi, S.K., Withers, K., Mueller, C., Zeng, Y., Chase, R.E., Salditch, L.M., Luco, N., Rukstales, K., Herrick, J.A., Girot, D.L., Aagaard, B.T., Bender, A., Blanpied, M.L., Briggs, R.W., Boyd, O.S., Clayton, B., DuRoss, C., Evans, E., Haeussler, P., Hatem, A.E., Haynie, K.L., Hearn, E.H., Johnson, K.M., Kortum, Z.A., Kwong, N.S., Makdisi, A.J., Mason, H., McNamara, D., McPhillips, D., Okubo, P., Page, M.T., Pollitz, F., Rubinstein, J., Shaw, B.E., Shen, Z., Shiro, B., Smith, J.A., Stephenson, W.J., Thompson, E.M., Jobe, J.A., Wirth, E.A., Witter, R., 2024, The 2023 US 50-State National Seismic Hazard Model: Overview and implications: Earthquake Spectra, v. 40, no. 1, p. 5-88, https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231215428.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | The 2023 US 50-State National Seismic Hazard Model: Overview and implications |
| Series title | Earthquake Spectra |
| DOI | 10.1177/87552930231215428 |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Publication Date | December 29, 2023 |
| Year Published | 2024 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications |
| Contributing office(s) | Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism |
| Description | 84 p. |
| First page | 5 |
| Last page | 88 |
| Country | United States |