Foraging ecology of southern sea otters at the northern range extent informs regional population dynamics

Endangered Species Research
By: , and 

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Abstract

Sea otters Enhydra lutris are vital keystone predators throughout the North Pacific that were nearly extirpated during the maritime fur trade. Recovery of southern sea otters E. l. nereis has proceeded slowly, with much of their historical range remaining unoccupied, resulting in reduced ecosystem functioning. Numerous studies have used foraging metrics to assess the population status of southern sea otters throughout their current range, but little is known about the northern range extent, where a stall in expansion has limited recovery. Thus, we collected census and foraging data of sea otters at Año Nuevo State Park, California, from 2019 to 2021 to determine sea otter abundance, diet composition, diet diversity, and average energy intake rate at the northern range edge. We then assessed regional population status by comparing values from Año Nuevo with previously collected data from other locations in California, including high-density, range center sites and low-density, range periphery sites. We found that sea otter density at Año Nuevo was greater than surrounding areas at the northern range periphery, and the average (±95% CI) energy intake (9.51 ± 0.91 kcal min-1) more closely resembled values observed at high-density sites. Further, dietary diversity (using the Shannon-Wiener index, H) was intermediate between previously studied high- and low-density populations (H = 1.81), with crabs making up the largest proportion of the diet (~56%). Overall, this study highlights possible effects of occupation time and range stagnation, identifies unique aspects of the prey resource base at Año Nuevo, and provides insight into the ongoing lack of northern range expansion.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Foraging ecology of southern sea otters at the northern range extent informs regional population dynamics
Series title Endangered Species Research
DOI 10.3354/esr01348
Volume 54
Year Published 2024
Language English
Publisher Inter-Research
Contributing office(s) Western Ecological Research Center
Description 12 p.
First page 383
Last page 394
Country United States
State California
Other Geospatial Año Nuevo State Park
Google Analytic Metrics Metrics page
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