The Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) VIth Conference of the Parties (COP) and the World Summit on Sustainable Development agreed to a target to achieve a significant reduction of the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. The VIIth COP adopted a conceptual framework to facilitate the assessment of global progress toward 2010 and to encourage national and regional targets and indicators. However, most of the indicators identified are not and will not be adequately quantified at desired accuracy and with desired frequency by 2010. What is possible is the establishment of an analytic framework that can provide guidelines and baselines for biodiversity estimates that can steadily improve with time.

A judicious combination of remotely sensed data, Geographic Information System data, ground samples, and expert knowledge of species trends and species’ use of habitats form a solid basis for assessing biodiversity. National development of sensitive, consistent, and affordable indicators that can contribute to the CBD global indicators requires access to a baseline set of global ecosystem, climate, topography, land cover, and human impact information. Fortunately, over the last ten years, a number of relevant information sources have become available. Such information, as well as appropriate methods for use, should be promoted and made highly accessible to countries and organizations that support the CBD.

The NASA-Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Conservation Working Group is collaborating to evaluate and demonstrate the meaningful role remote sensing can play in developing biodiversity indicators to meet the targets specified. The Working Group members are evaluating indicators across a range of biomes and scales. The results are being synthesized in a handbook describing the use of remote sensing for monitoring the 2010 target to be published in 2006.