Magnetic surveys with unmanned aerial systems: Software for assessing and comparing the accuracy of different sensor systems, suspension designs and compensation methods

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G-Cubed)
By: , and 

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Abstract

A typical problem for magnetic surveys with small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) is the heading error caused by undesired magnetic signals that originate from the aircraft. This can be addressed by suspending the magnetometers on sufficiently long tethers. However, tethered payloads require skilled pilots and are difficult to fly safely. Alternatively, the magnetometer can be fixed on the aircraft. In this case, aircraft magnetic signals are removed from the recordings with a process referred to as magnetic compensation, which requires parameters estimated from calibration flights flown in an area with magnetically low-gradients prior to the survey. We present open-source software fully written in Python to process data and compute compensations for two fundamentally different magnetometer systems (scalar and vector). We used the software to compare the precision of two commercially available systems by flying dense grid patterns over a 135 × 150 m area using different suspension configurations. The accuracy of the magnetic recordings is assessed using both standard deviations of the calibration pattern and tie-line cross-over differences from the survey. After compensation, the vector magnetometer provides the lowest heading error. However, the magnetic field intensity recovered with this system is relative and needs to be adjusted with absolute data if absolute intensity values are needed. Overall, the highest accuracy of all suspension configurations tested was obtained by fixing the magnetometer 0.5 m below the sUAS onto a self-built carbon-fiber frame, which also offered greater stability and allowed fully autonomous flights in a wide range of conditions.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Magnetic surveys with unmanned aerial systems: Software for assessing and comparing the accuracy of different sensor systems, suspension designs and compensation methods
Series title Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G-Cubed)
DOI 10.1029/2021GC009745
Volume 22
Issue 7
Publication Date July 13, 2021
Year Published 2021
Language English
Publisher American Geophysical Union
Contributing office(s) Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
Description e2021GC009745, 19 p.
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