GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence

Journal of Glaciology
By: , and 

Links

Abstract

Recent advances in remote sensing have produced global glacier surface elevation change data. Parsing these elevation change signals into contributions from the climate (i.e. climatic mass balance) and glacier dynamics (i.e. flux divergence) is critical to enhance our process-based understanding of glacier change. In this study, we evaluate three approaches for direct, continuous measurements of the climatic mass balance, flux divergence, and elevation change at a site on Gulkana Glacier in Alaska using low-cost GNSS sensors, GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR), banded ablation stakes with time-lapse cameras, and combinations thereof. Cumulative climatic mass balance over the season was 4.85 m and the three approaches were within 0.08 m through early July before the snowpack melted, and within 0.28 m through mid-August. The flux divergence increased from 0.52 ± 0.03 cm d-1 before June 3 to roughly 0.73 cm d-1 after June 27. We demonstrate a single GNSS system fixed atop an ablation stake can measure contemporaneous climatic mass balance, flux divergence, and elevation change based on the antenna’s position and GNSS-IR techniques. The ability of these systems to measure glacier mass balance and flux divergence offers unique opportunities for year-round observations on mountain glaciers in the future.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence
Series title Journal of Glaciology
DOI 10.1017/jog.2024.54
Volume 70
Publication Date November 06, 2024
Year Published 2024
Language English
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Contributing office(s) Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
Description e5, 12 p.
Country United States
State Alaska
Other Geospatial Gulkana Glacier
Additional publication details