Remote characterization of the 12 January 2020 eruption of Taal Volcano, Philippines, using seismo-acoustic, volcanic lightning, and satellite observations

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
By: , and 

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Abstract

On 12 January 2020, an eruption began on the shores of the Main Crater Lake (MCL) of Taal Volcano—a caldera system on the southern end of Luzon Island in the Philippines. Taal, one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines, is located 30 km south of Manila—a major metropolitan area with a population of 13.5 million people. Eruptive activity intensified throughout the day on 12 January, producing prolific volcanic lightning, ashfall, and a sustained plume that reached 16–17 km altitude. The chronology of events was well documented by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and the Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center. The wealth of data collected during the eruption provides a unique opportunity to investigate how the combination of different remote sensing methods may complement local observations and monitoring. Remote systems tend to provide lower resolution data but are also less likely to be compromised by the eruptive activity, thus providing continuous records of eruptive processes. Here, we present a postevent analysis of the 12 January activity, including data from long‐range lightning, infrasound, and seismic arrays located at distances up to several thousands of kilometers from the volcano. By combining these datasets, we distinguish five phases of activity and infer a major shift in eruption behavior around 12:00 on 12 January (UTC). The remote observations suggest that the most of the water within the MCL (⁠∼42  million m3⁠) was vaporized and incorporated into the volcanic plume within the first 12 hr of the eruption.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Remote characterization of the 12 January 2020 eruption of Taal Volcano, Philippines, using seismo-acoustic, volcanic lightning, and satellite observations
Series title Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
DOI 10.1785/0120220223
Volume 113
Issue 4
Publication Date April 28, 2023
Year Published 2023
Language English
Publisher Seismological Society of America
Contributing office(s) Volcano Science Center
Description 22 p.
First page 1471
Last page 1492
Country Philippines
Other Geospatial Taal Volcano
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