Ensemble methods for parameter estimation of WRF-Hydro

Water Resources Research
By: , and 

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Abstract

The WRF-Hydro hydrological model has been used in many applications in the past with some level of history matching in the majority of these studies. In this study, we use the iterative Ensemble Smoother (iES), a powerful parameter estimation methodology implemented in the open-source PEST++ software. The iES provides an ensemble solution with an uncertainty bound instead of a single best estimate which has been the common approach in the previous WRF-Hydro studies. We discuss the importance of accounting for observation noise which results in a wider spread in the model solution. We investigate the impact of constructing objective functions by differentially weighting the observations to tune the model response toward model outputs appropriate for a specific application. Results confirm the necessity of differentially weighting the observations before calculation of the objective function as the optimization algorithm struggles with calculating parameter updates with uniform weighting. We also show that we achieve better model performance in terms of verification metrics with higher emphasis on the high flow events, when the objective function is tuned toward an application where the extreme events are of importance. We then investigate the impact of estimating more parameters, in particular we estimate a larger number of snow parameters. Results show a large improvement in the model performance. In summary, our study demonstrates the efficacy of employing iES alongside differential weighting of observations, highlighting its potential to enhance hydrological model parameter estimation.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Ensemble methods for parameter estimation of WRF-Hydro
Series title Water Resources Research
DOI 10.1029/2024WR038048
Volume 61
Issue 1
Publication Date December 30, 2024
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher American Geophysical Union
Contributing office(s) Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Description e2024WR038048, 32 p.
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