The 29 June 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake is among the largest 20th century earthquakes in southern California. The earthquake also predated the installation of strong motion and local monitoring instruments in southern California; some instrumental data are, however, available from long-period instruments at regional and teleseismic distances. The current catalog moment magnitude is M_W 6.8. Initial intensity magnitudes (M_I) estimated from original Coast and Geodetic Survey intensity assignments were lower (M_I 6.3). In this study we assign modified Mercalli intensity values at 239 locations, including 144 specific locations within the city of Santa Barbara for which detailed damage information is available. Comparing the reinterpreted intensities with Did You Feel it? intensities for recent events in California, we estimate M_W = 6.5, with a plausible range of 6.3–6.6. We further consider reported instrumental amplitudes to estimate an instrumental moment magnitude of M_W = 6.6 ± 0.5. Our preferred final estimate is M_W 6.5. Based on available constraints including aftershock locations inferred from data recorded on portable instruments, we propose that the earthquake nucleated east of the city of Santa Barbara, closer to the coast than previously estimated, and ruptured unilaterally ~30 km to the west, possibly along the south-dipping Mesa-Rincon Creek, and the More Ranch fault systems. Contrary to suggestions made in earlier studies (e.g. Willis, 1925a), relatively high intensities ~50 km west of Santa Barbara can then be explained by directivity rather than involvement of the Santa Ynez fault. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the earthquake was triggered by the larger M_W = 6.6 Clarkston, Montana earthquake the previous day or induced by oil production in the Summerland oil field.