Arctic speleothems reveal nearly permafrost-free Northern Hemisphere in the Late Miocene

Nature Communications
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Abstract

Arctic warming is happening at nearly four times the global average rate. Long-term trends of permafrost dynamics cannot be estimated directly from monitoring of present-day thaw processes, requiring paleoclimate-proxy information. Here we use cave carbonates (speleothems) from a northern Siberian cave to determine when the Northern Hemisphere was mostly permafrost-free. At present, thick continuous permafrost in this region prevents speleothem growth. In a series of partially eroded caves, speleothems grew during the late Tortonian stage (8.68 ± 0.09 Ma), a time when the geographic position of this site was already similar to today. Paleotemperatures reconstructed from speleothems show that mean annual air temperatures (MAAT) in the region were + 6.6°C to + 11.1°C, when contemporary global MAAT were ~ 4.5 °C higher than modern. Our findings provide direct evidence that warming to Tortonian-like temperatures would leave most of the Northern Hemisphere permafrost-free. This may release up to ~ 130 petagrams of carbon, enhancing further warming.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Arctic speleothems reveal nearly permafrost-free Northern Hemisphere in the Late Miocene
Series title Nature Communications
DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-60381-5
Volume 16
Publication Date July 01, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher Nature
Contributing office(s) Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals
Description 5483, 13 p.
Country China, Mongolia, Russia
Other Geospatial Siberia
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