Fiber-imaged supershear dynamics in the 2024 Mw 7 Mendocino Fault earthquake

Science
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Abstract

Fault structure and rupture physics are deeply intertwined, and observations of this coupling are critical for understanding earthquake behavior. Rupture propagation is observable at fine scales using dense seismic networks. Fiber-optic sensing allows for long-term deployments of ultradense arrays that enable high-resolution measurements of infrequent, large earthquakes. We recorded the 2024 moment magnitude (Mw) 7 Mendocino Fault earthquake with a nearby fiber-optic array and imaged its behavior with seismic beamforming. The rupture propagated to the east at subshear velocity; stagnated near the Mendocino Triple Junction, a zone of structural complexity; and subsequently transitioned to supershear velocity. The correlation between source physics and structure shows how lithospheric heterogeneity affects first-order characteristics of earthquake ruptures. Our results also demonstrate the potential for fiber-optic sensing to improve real-time estimation of key parameters for early warning.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Fiber-imaged supershear dynamics in the 2024 Mw 7 Mendocino Fault earthquake
Series title Science
DOI 10.1126/science.adx6858
Volume 389
Issue 6767
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher AAAS
Contributing office(s) Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism
Description 5 p.
First page 1361
Last page 1365
Country United States
State California
Other Geospatial Mendocino Fault
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