Zircon as a pathfinder to REE mineralization

Geochemical Perspectives Letters
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Abstract

Carbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks are major primary sources of the rare earth elements (REE) and other critical metals, such as Nb. Despite the economic significance of these rocks, their formation and the processes of REE enrichment are poorly understood. Here, statistical analysis of a global dataset demonstrates that zircon geochemistry is a powerful recorder of REE metallogenesis and a potential pathfinder for REE deposits. Zircons from REE and Nb fertile intrusions lack Eu anomalies and have elevated Gd/Yb and Th/Yb, indicating they crystallised from magmas that originated from deep, oxidised and enriched mantle sources. Complexes with Nb enrichment have low U/Nb, reflecting an enriched mantle source, whereas high U/Nb in REE-only fertile intrusions suggest a subduction-metasomatised mantle source. Machine learning models demonstrate high accuracy in classifying zircon from barren and fertile deposits. Classification of detrital zircons shows that REE-enriched deposits correlate with supercontinent assembly, whereas Nb fertile complexes are associated with supercontinent breakup. This approach offers a new, mineral to global scale, petrologic and exploration tool that enhances understanding of REE metallogenesis.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Zircon as a pathfinder to REE mineralization
Series title Geochemical Perspectives Letters
DOI 10.7185/geochemlet.2540
Volume 37
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher European Association of Geochemistry
Contributing office(s) Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
Description 6 p.
First page 18
Last page 23
Additional publication details