An approach to modeling abundance of marine wildlife over space and time using unstructured aerial surveys

The Journal of Wildlife Management
By: , and 

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Abstract

Estimating spatial and temporal patterns in abundance is often a goal of ecological studies and can be useful for informing management decisions, such as determining the optimal placement of wildlife protection zones. However, estimating abundance can be difficult in practice, especially over large areas, because of imperfect detection, where individuals are present but not detected because of either availability or observer error. Several methods for estimating abundance that account for imperfect detection exist but can be logistically challenging to implement. We present a simpler approach to some of the more commonly used techniques for estimating the abundance of marine wildlife over space and time from unstructured aerial surveys. This approach combines a spatial model for count data with auxiliary information on detection probability obtained from small-scale or previous studies. We employ generalized linear models and generalized additive models with spatial habitat covariates to illustrate this approach using maximum-likelihood with free, open-source statistical software. This framework is intended to be accessible and flexible, requiring lower survey costs and less computation time than other alternatives for estimating abundance. Indeed, our simulation results show that this approach can reduce computation times, while appropriately characterizing uncertainty, compared to a Bayesian approach. We also present R code for our approach using an example of estimating Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) abundance in Indian River County in Florida, USA. This approach could be applied to other study systems and marine wildlife species using unstructured aerial surveys.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title An approach to modeling abundance of marine wildlife over space and time using unstructured aerial surveys
Series title The Journal of Wildlife Management
DOI 10.1002/jwmg.70123
Edition Online First
Publication Date September 29, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher The Wildlife Society
Contributing office(s) Eastern Ecological Science Center
Country United States
State Florida
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