Evaluating Three-Dimensional Elevation Program lidar consistency and accuracy at scale using cloud-native, open-source methods

Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
By: , and 

Links

Abstract

The U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional elevation program (3DEP) has significantly expanded national lidar coverage, necessitating scalable, reproducible methods for assessing data quality across diverse terrains and acquisition conditions. This study introduces a cloud-native, open-source workflow designed to evaluate the geometric accuracy and consistency of 3DEP lidar data sets at a national scale. Leveraging tools such as the Point Data Abstraction Library, Open3D, and Amazon Web Services infrastructure, the workflow integrates global navigation satellite system‐surveyed ground control points and terrestrial laser scanning data to validate airborne lidar collections. Two case studies demonstrate the application of this process. In Puerto Rico, the process identified vertical biases and inconsistencies in vegetated areas, while in Iowa and Arizona, the process confirmed high vertical accuracy with minimal bias. The results underscore the effectiveness of combining cloud computing with open-source tools to perform large-scale lidar data quality assessments. This process offers a reproducible, efficient solution for nationwide validation of 3DEP data sets, supporting enhanced decision-making in geospatial applications.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Evaluating Three-Dimensional Elevation Program lidar consistency and accuracy at scale using cloud-native, open-source methods
Series title Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
DOI 10.14358/PERS.25-00093R2
Volume 91
Issue 12
Publication Date December 01, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Contributing office(s) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
Description 9 p.
First page 777
Last page 785
Additional publication details