Neotectonic origins for the Meadow Bank scarp, Wabash Valley seismic zone USA

The Seismic Record
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Abstract

The Meadow Bank scarp (MBS) in southeastern Illinois is a linear geomorphic expression, ∼10 km long and ∼8 m high above a relatively flat landscape. It parallels an underlying northeast‐oriented Late‐Precambrian–Early‐Cambrian structural fabric, called the Wabash Valley fault zone, and is within an area of modern, historic, and paleo seismicity, called the Wabash Valley seismic zone. In addition, the MBS acts as a boundary of the Wabash River floodplain, as well as Pleistocene glacial outwash channels, which show evidence of frequent outburst flood events. To better understand the MBS’s equivocal origin in this complex geologic environment, we acquired a 917‐m‐long seismic‐reflection survey across its axis to assess the subsurface geologic configuration. The resultant image indicates a complex set of faults that antiformally fold and displace the top of Paleozoic bedrock by ∼12 m across the survey. Moreover, fault and/or fold deformation extends into the shallowest imaged Quaternary strata at ∼6 m below the ground surface. This suggests the MBS origin is related to underlying Quaternary reactivated, positively inverted faults rather than exclusively to glacial outburst flood erosion. These results provide rare paleoearthquake spatial constraints for central U.S. regional seismic hazard consideration.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Neotectonic origins for the Meadow Bank scarp, Wabash Valley seismic zone USA
Series title The Seismic Record
DOI 10.1785/0320250028
Volume 5
Issue 4
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher Seismological Society of America
Contributing office(s) Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism
Description 11 p.
First page 352
Last page 362
Country United States
State Illinois
Other Geospatial Wabash Valley seismic zone
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