Mount Spurr volcano, August 18, 1992: The eruption heard around Alaska

Bulletin of Volcanology
By:  and 

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Abstract

The August 18, 1992, eruption of Mount Spurr volcano, Alaska, produced an impressive Vulcanian to Subplinian eruption column reaching up to 40 km above sea level that blanketed the nearby city of Anchorage with ash. At the time of the eruption, the Alaska Volcano Observatory received reports of audible sound hundreds of kilometers from the source from a variety of azimuths from the volcano and found the pattern that did not solely depend on distance. Explosions are generally inaudible to the human ear at these distances due to the attenuation of sound in the atmosphere as the energy propagates, but low-frequency sound waves (infrasound) persist and can be used to detect and characterize eruptions. Similar reports of zones of audible sounds at great distances have been observed from notable eruptions such as Krakatau 1883, Mount St. Helens 1980, Mount Pinatubo 1991, and Hunga volcano 2022. We perform infrasound propagation modeling to help understand the unique distribution of audible reports, finding that areas with favorable infrasound propagation may help explain areas in which nonlinear propagation, including energy cascading effects into higher frequencies that are audible to the human ear, may have occurred.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Mount Spurr volcano, August 18, 1992: The eruption heard around Alaska
Series title Bulletin of Volcanology
DOI 10.1007/s00445-025-01889-y
Volume 87
Publication Date October 21, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher Springer
Contributing office(s) Volcano Science Center
Description 103, 9 p.
Country United States
State Alaska
Other Geospatial Mount Spurr
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