Novel adomaviruses associated with blotchy bass syndrome in black basses (Micropterus spp.)

PLoS ONE
By: , and 

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Abstract

Black bass (Micropterus spp.) are the most important warmwater game fishes in the United States. They have high socioeconomic and recreational value and support an important aquaculture industry. Since 2008, fisheries managers have been reporting the observation of hyperpigmented melanistic lesions (HPMLs) on smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu) in different ecoregions of the United States. Similar HPMLs have been observed in largemouth bass (M. nigricans) since the 1980’s. Here, we report the association between novel adomaviruses and the hallmark blotchy clinical presentation of hyperpigmented lesions on the skin of smallmouth and largemouth black bass. The two adomaviruses are structurally and phylogenetically similar but share only 68.0% identity at aligned nucleotide sites and each has been found in only one host species to date. The manifestation of this skin disease appears to be seasonal (observed between the fall and spring) in both species, primarily affects adults and is of unknown health consequence. Although the significance of infection to fish health remains unclear, understanding the disease ecology of these viruses can inform biosecurity and the interjurisdictional movement of individuals. Moreover, as hyperpigmentation in other fish species is often idiopathic, our findings reframe perspectives for future investigations into this clinical presentation in other species.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Novel adomaviruses associated with blotchy bass syndrome in black basses (Micropterus spp.)
Series title PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0326402
Volume 20
Issue 12
Publication Date December 17, 2025
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher PLOS
Contributing office(s) Eastern Ecological Science Center
Description e0326402, 25 p.
Country United States
State Michigan, Pennsylvania, Texas, Vermont, Virginia
Other Geospatial Lake Champlain, Lake St. Clair, Potomac River Basin, Susquehanna River Basin, western Texas
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