Performance evaluation of natural and nature-based features for coastal protection and co-benefits

Annual Review of Marine Science
By: , and 

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Abstract

Built infrastructure, such as seawalls and levees, has long been used to reduce shoreline erosion and protect coastal properties from flood impacts. In contrast, natural and nature-based features (NNBF), including marshes, mangroves, oyster reefs, coral reefs, and seagrasses, offer not only coastal protection but also a range of valuable ecosystem services. There is no clear understanding of the capacity of either natural habitats or NNBF integrated with traditional engineered infrastructure to withstand extreme events, nor are there well-defined breakpoints at which these habitats fail to provide coastal protection. Evaluating existing NNBF strategies using a standardized set of metrics can help to assess their effectiveness to better inform design criteria. This review identifies a selection of NNBF projects with long-term monitoring programs and synthesizes the monitoring data to provide a literature-based performance assessment. It also explores the integration of NNBF with existing gray infrastructure to enhance overall effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

Reidenbach, M., Li, M., Rose, K., Tomiczek, T., Morris, J., Palinkas, C.M., Staver, L., Nardin, W., Gray, M., Lee, S., Sutton-Grier, A.E., Hruska, A., 2026, Performance evaluation of natural and nature-based features for coastal protection and co-benefits: Annual Review of Marine Science, v. 18, p. 245-273, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040423-023251.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Performance evaluation of natural and nature-based features for coastal protection and co-benefits
Series title Annual Review of Marine Science
DOI 10.1146/annurev-marine-040423-023251
Volume 18
Publication Date August 04, 2025
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Annual Reviews
Contributing office(s) Office of the AD Ecosystems
Description 29 p.
First page 245
Last page 273
Additional publication details