Recent range expansion and documentation of a reproductive population of northern snakehead Channa argus (Cantor, 1842) in the Saint Francis River Drainage, Missouri

Records of Biological Invasions
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Abstract

Northern snakehead Channa argus (Cantor, 1842) is an aquatic invasive fish species in the United States with first documented occurrence in the wild in the 2000s. Management efforts to control their populations in the eastern United States are ongoing. In the Mississippi River basin, limited resources have been allocated to control its distribution, after initial detection and rapid response in Arkansas were unsuccessful. Northern snakehead distribution in the Mississippi River basin was limited to Arkansas and Mississippi until 2019 when a single northern snakehead was detected on the southern border of Missouri in the Saint Francis River drainage, the furthest northern detection. Described here are additional northern snakehead detections following public reports and subsequent monitoring in the Mingo basin of the Saint Francis River drainage, a historical braided channel and floodplain habitat of the Mississippi River with intermittently flooded bottomland hardwood forests and wetlands, and other consistent aquatic habitats. These increasing captures document the recent range expansion of northern snakehead. Most of the 11,300 ha Mingo basin consists of Mingo National Wildlife Refuge and Duck Creek Conservation Area; these areas are protected aquatic ecosystems possessing sensitive species and serve as a potential example of prioritized areas for northern snakehead control efforts. Additionally, we highlight the significance of these detections in the Mingo basin which is connected via the Castor River water-control structure to the Upper Mississippi River and may facilitate further range expansion. 

Suggested Citation

Sterling, E.M., Bookout, T.A., Holmes, E., Baalman, N., Henderson, C., and Kroboth, P., 2026, Recent range expansion and documentation of a reproductive population of northern snakehead Channa argus (Cantor, 1842) in the Saint Francis River Drainage, Missouri: Records of Biological Invasions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 183-194, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2026.15.1.17.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Recent range expansion and documentation of a reproductive population of northern snakehead Channa argus (Cantor, 1842) in the Saint Francis River Drainage, Missouri
Series title Records of Biological Invasions
DOI 10.3391/bir.2026.15.1.17
Volume 15
Issue 1
Publication Date January 19, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre - REABIC
Contributing office(s) Columbia Environmental Research Center
Description 12 p.
First page 183
Last page 194
Country United States
State Missouri
Other Geospatial Saint Francis River drainage
Additional publication details