Prioritizing resource protection and understanding potential susceptibility of springs to surficial changes in a low-temperature geothermal system

Geothermics
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Abstract

Geothermal systems are vulnerable to changes in water budget and composition, requiring science-based management. This study uses a dataset of spring water temperatures, time series of groundwater residence time tracers (tritium and carbon-14), and stable isotopes of water to understand geothermal flow in a low-temperature geothermal system in north west Colorado, United States (Steamboat Springs). The geothermal system is bisected by the Yampa River, necessitating a stream mass balance approach to quantify total discharge. Time series analysis of water temperature data provides a ranked list of features more susceptible to surficial changes, which is corroborated using time series of tritium which indicate spatially distinct patterns of mixing between modern and pre-modern groundwater. All springs contain a portion of pre-modern groundwater that is thousands to tens of thousands of years old, a period coinciding with melting of extensive Pleistocene glaciers that was likely one of the recharge sources to the geothermal system. Stream mass balance indicates that greater than 80% of the total geothermal discharge is derived from diffuse or small springs, highlighting the extensive nature of the geothermal outflow zone and the association with local geologic structures. This study provides baseline data to support management of the Steamboat Springs geothermal system and indicates the utility of these approaches in developing science-based geothermal management.

Suggested Citation

Newman, C.P., Pepin, J.D., 2026, Prioritizing resource protection and understanding potential susceptibility of springs to surficial changes in a low-temperature geothermal system: Geothermics, v. 136, 103615, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2026.103615.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Prioritizing resource protection and understanding potential susceptibility of springs to surficial changes in a low-temperature geothermal system
Series title Geothermics
DOI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2026.103615
Volume 136
Publication Date January 24, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Elsevier
Contributing office(s) Colorado Water Science Center
Description 103615, 14 p.
Country United States
State Colorado
City Steamboat Springs
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