Characterizing operational signatures of reservoirs with the SWOT satellite by comparing natural lake and reservoir dynamics

Environmental Research Letters
By: , and 

Links

Abstract

Due to a lack of management operations data, hydrological models may represent reservoirs as natural lakes, leading to poor discharge predictions in regulated basins. To parse seasonal operational signatures, we compare the dynamics of natural lake and reservoir systems across North America using Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite observations and derived discharge estimates. Overall, reservoirs and their adjacent river reaches exhibit significantly greater variability (in standard deviation) than their natural counterparts across almost all SWOT observed (e.g. water surface elevation) and inferred (e.g. discharge) variables. Natural lakes show strong same-day correlations between inflow and outflow discharge (median Spearman R = 0.8), whereas 76% of reservoirs exhibit maximum correlation when outflow is lagged, suggesting operations buffer seasonal flow variability. Our findings indicate operations not only affect reservoir dynamics themselves but also have upstream and downstream consequences, which, when integrated into models, will offer more realistic hydrologic conditions.

Suggested Citation

Riggs, R.M., Dickinson, J.E., Brinkerhoff, C.B., Sikder, M.S., Wang, J., Gao, H., Allen, G.H., 2026, Characterizing operational signatures of reservoirs with the SWOT satellite by comparing natural lake and reservoir dynamics: Environmental Research Letters, v. 21, 044008, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae436e.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Characterizing operational signatures of reservoirs with the SWOT satellite by comparing natural lake and reservoir dynamics
Series title Environmental Research Letters
DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/ae436e
Volume 21
Publication Date February 17, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher IOP Publishing
Contributing office(s) WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division
Description 044008, 11 p.
Other Geospatial North America
Additional publication details