Foraging benefits promote fitness in migratory mule deer

Current Biology
By: , and 

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Abstract

Although migration is widespread among ungulates, the fitness benefits associated with different migratory tactics have rarely been documented. Here, we evaluated a 9-year dataset on a migratory population of mule deer to test the hypothesis that long-distance migration provides access to seasonal forage which translates into demographic benefits. Mule deer that migrated long (>130 km) and medium distances (50–130 km) accessed higher forage quality and thus gained 1.3–2.7 times more fat over the growing season compared to mule deer that remained year-round as residents within a desert ecosystem. Elevated levels of fat translated to ∼20% higher probability of adult annual survival than residents. Mule deer that remained year-round in the desert portion of the study area were so resource-limited that they raised fawns at the expense of their own survival. Due to their higher levels of fat, annual survival, and fetal rates, migrants showed more robust population growth (λ = 1.03) compared to residents, which exhibited projected declines in population size over time (λ = 0.95). These results support the notion that migration translates into demographic benefits and highlight the urgent conservation work necessary to sustain diverse ungulate migrations amid habitat alteration due to climate change and an expanding web of linear barriers to movement.

Suggested Citation

Ortega, A.C., LaSharr, T.N., Burke, P.W., Lionberger, P., Valdez, M., Monteith, K.L., Kauffman, M.J., 2026, Foraging benefits promote fitness in migratory mule deer: Current Biology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 799-808, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.12.030.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Foraging benefits promote fitness in migratory mule deer
Series title Current Biology
DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2025.12.030
Volume 36
Issue 3
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Elsevier
Contributing office(s) Coop Res Unit Seattle
Description 16 p.
First page 799
Last page 808
Country United States
State Wyoming
Other Geospatial Red Desert, south-central Wyoming
Additional publication details