Conducting feasibility assessments of potential conservation reintroductions: A case study with the imperiled foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii

Natural Areas Journal
By: , and 

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Abstract

Conservation translocations are an increasingly common and often necessary component of recovering species that have become extirpated from portions of their range. Understanding and ameliorating potential threats that reduce the likelihood of successful population establishment at recipient sites is a key component of successful translocation planning. We examined multiple potential threats, including pathogens, contaminants, and invasive species, as well as habitat suitability and food resources, to assess the feasibility of reintroducing threatened, stream-obligate foothill yellow-legged frogs, Rana boylii, to Pinnacles National Park. Foothill yellow-legged frogs were extirpated from this protected area more than half a century ago. Although invasive species, disease, contaminants, food resources, and water temperatures are unlikely to inhibit foothill yellow-legged frog population establishment, potential recipient streams at Pinnacles National Park had shorter hydroperiods and much higher canopy cover than reference streams with extant foothill yellow-legged frog populations. Although the exact cause of extirpation of foothill yellow-legged frogs from Pinnacles National Park is unknown, translocations of foothill yellow-legged frogs to the park are more likely to succeed if riparian canopy cover is reduced and stream hydroperiods increased to better match those at nearby populations. Thoroughly understanding the threats to and characteristics of potential recipient sites could improve the likelihood of success of translocation outcomes in natural areas.

Suggested Citation

Macias, D., Kleeman, P.M., Hladik, M.L., Smalling, K., Johnson, P.G., Grear, D.A., Rose, J.P., and Halstead, B.J., 2026, Conducting feasibility assessments of potential conservation reintroductions: A case study with the imperiled foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii: Natural Areas Journal, v. 46, no. 1, p. 31-43, https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-46.1.5.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Conducting feasibility assessments of potential conservation reintroductions: A case study with the imperiled foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii
Series title Natural Areas Journal
DOI 10.3375/2162-4399-46.1.5
Volume 46
Issue 1
Publication Date January 16, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher BioOne
Contributing office(s) California Water Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center, New Jersey Water Science Center, Western Ecological Research Center
Description 13 p.
First page 31
Last page 43
Country United States
State California
Other Geospatial Pinnacles National Park
Additional publication details