Naturalized species drive functional trait shifts in plant communities

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

Despite decades of research documenting the consequences of naturalized and invasive plant species on ecosystem functions, our understanding of the functional underpinnings of these changes remains rudimentary. This is partially due to ineffective scaling of trait differences between native and naturalized species to whole plant communities. Working with data from over 75,000 plots and over 5,500 species from across the United States, we show that changes in the functional composition of communities associated with increasing abundance of naturalized species mirror the differences in traits between native and naturalized plants. We find that communities with greater abundance of naturalized species are more resource acquisitive aboveground and belowground, shorter, more shallowly rooted, and increasingly aligned with an independent strategy for belowground resource acquisition via thin fine roots with high specific root length. We observe shifts toward herbaceous-dominated communities but shifts within both woody and herbaceous functional groups follow community-level patterns for most traits. Patterns are remarkably similar across desert, grassland, and forest ecosystems. Our results demonstrate that the establishment and spread of naturalized species, likely in combination with underlying environmental shifts, leads to predictable and consistent changes in community-level traits that can alter ecosystem functions.

Suggested Citation

Garbowski, M., McLaughlin, D.L., Blumenthal, D.M., Sofaer, H., Barnett, D., Beaury, E.M., Buonaiuto, D., Corbin, J., Dukes, J., Early, R., Nebhut, A., Petri, L., Vila, M., and Pearse, I., 2024, Naturalized species drive functional trait shifts in plant communities: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 121, no. 40, e2403120121, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2403120121.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Naturalized species drive functional trait shifts in plant communities
Series title Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.2403120121
Volume 121
Issue 40
Publication Date September 19, 2024
Year Published 2024
Language English
Publisher National Academy of Sciences
Contributing office(s) Fort Collins Science Center
Description e2403120121, 9 p.
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