Linking magma storage and ascent to eruption volume and composition at an arc caldera
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Abstract
Conceptual models of magma storage and transport under calderas favor a connected system of sills and dikes. These features are individually below the resolution of standard seismic tomography, but radial seismic anisotropy can reveal where they exist in aggregate. We model radial anisotropy at Okmok caldera, Alaska, to demonstrate the presence of a caldera-centered stacked sill complex and surrounding dike system. We show that ascending magma, inferred from seismicity, either intersects the sill complex, resulting in a larger volume eruption of evolved magma, or bypasses the overlying sill complex via dikes, resulting in a low-volume mafic eruption. Our results exemplify how the locations of magma storage and paths of transport impact eruption size and composition. As this type of crustal storage is likely common to many calderas, this analysis offers a potential new framework for volcano observatories to forecast the size of impending eruptions.
Suggested Citation
Miller, D., Bennington, N., Haney, M.M., Bedrosian, P.A., Key, K., Thurber, C., Hart, L., and Ohlendorf, S., 2020, Linking magma storage and ascent to eruption volume and composition at an arc caldera: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 47, no. 14, e2020GL088122, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088122.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Linking magma storage and ascent to eruption volume and composition at an arc caldera |
| Series title | Geophysical Research Letters |
| DOI | 10.1029/2020GL088122 |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 14 |
| Publication Date | July 14, 2020 |
| Year Published | 2020 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Geophysical Union |
| Contributing office(s) | Volcano Science Center |
| Description | e2020GL088122, 9 p. |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Other Geospatial | Aleutian Islands, Okmok caldera |