Reconstructing Great Lakes air temperature and ice dynamics data back to 1897

Scientific Data
By: , and 

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Abstract

Ice cover on the Great Lakes plays an important role in regional climate, supports tourism and recreation, and provides ecological habitat. As the climate warms, ice cover in the Great Lakes is expected to decline, which in turn will create more lake effect precipitation, reduce ice cover for recreation, and alter habitat for aquatic species. While it is important to understand the historical ice patterns to better understand past distributions of aquatic species and improve the accuracy of forecasts for future ice cover on the lakes, Great Lakes ice cover data prior to 1973 is scarce, due to the limited routine satellite observations. We used weather station data around the Great Lakes to compile daily air temperature, calculate cumulative freezing degree-days and net melting degree-days from 1897–2023, and develop raster layers estimating ice duration and variability spatially during the historical period from 1897–1960.

Suggested Citation

King, K., Fujisaki-Manome, A., Brant, C., Cohn, D., Peng, I., and Alofs, K., 2026, Reconstructing Great Lakes air temperature and ice dynamics data back to 1897: Scientific Data, v. 13, 290, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06637-1.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Reconstructing Great Lakes air temperature and ice dynamics data back to 1897
Series title Scientific Data
DOI 10.1038/s41597-026-06637-1
Volume 13
Publication Date January 22, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Nature
Contributing office(s) Great Lakes Science Center
Description 290, 11 p.
Country Canada, United States
Other Geospatial Great Lakes
Additional publication details