Land cover, elevation, and precipitation predict distribution and hotspots of three bird species of concern in boreal Alaska

Ornithological Applications
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Abstract

The boreal forest biome is an important breeding area for migratory birds and is undergoing rapid changes, including drying of wetlands, changes to vegetation composition, and human development. Many boreal bird populations are declining, but information is often lacking on how these species associate with habitat characteristics and thus how they may respond to changing conditions. We used a large point-count dataset to describe habitat associations and hotspots for three boreal species of concern in Alaska, USA: Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs), Contopus cooperi (Olive-sided Flycatcher), and Euphagus carolinus (Rusty Blackbird). We used an N-mixture model to evaluate covariates of abundance and two components of detection (availability and perceptibility). We then used the estimated relationships with covariates to predict density of each species across the Northwestern Interior Forest (Bird Conservation Region 4) in Alaska, including identifying hotspots where density was predicted to be in the top 10% of all locations. T. flavipes and E. carolinus were associated with wetlands and mean values of June precipitation; T. flavipes were also associated with low elevation and recent fire; and C. cooperi was associated with needleleaf forest and moderate elevation. Hotspots for T. flavipes and E. carolinus usually overlapped, while hotspots for C. cooperi almost never overlapped with those of the other two species. Following ground-truthing, these predicted distributions could be used to indicate areas of high importance for species of conservation concern and thus inform management decisions and mitigation measures. Our results could also help identify areas that are likely to be important for these species in the future, given the rapid changes now occurring across the boreal biome in response to climate warming and drying.

Suggested Citation

Weiser, E.L., Christie, K., Burns, C.T., Hagelin, J.C., Matsuoka, S.M., Johnson, J.A., and Handel, C.M., 2026, Land cover, elevation, and precipitation predict distribution and hotspots of three bird species of concern in boreal Alaska: Ornithological Applications, v. 128, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duaf072.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Land cover, elevation, and precipitation predict distribution and hotspots of three bird species of concern in boreal Alaska
Series title Ornithological Applications
DOI 10.1093/ornithapp/duaf072
Volume 128
Issue 1
Publication Date November 21, 2025
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Oxford Academic
Contributing office(s) Alaska Science Center Ecosystems
Description 14 p.
First page 1
Last page 14
Country United States
State Alaska
Additional publication details