Exploring management options for moose at their southern range limits considering growing disease risk

Ecological Solutions and Evidence
By: , and 

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Abstract

1. Populations of cold-adapted species are increasingly vulnerable along their low-latitude range limits due to shifting environmental conditions, biotic interactions, and anthropogenic pressures. Managing these populations is particularly challenging because of complex ecological dynamics, conflicting stakeholder interests, and decision-making under uncertainty.

2. We explored population growth (λ) of moose (Alces alces) under different hypothetical management scenarios, simulating combinations of five hypothetical harvest levels with three levels of disease impact.

3. Facing current disease, the population could support multiple levels of conservative harvest. Under elevated levels of disease-caused mortality, projections indicated declines for all harvest scenarios. We projected increases across all harvest scenarios when overlap with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was hypothetically reduced and disease mortality in moose minimized. We investigated whether uncertainty in moose demographic parameters altered population trajectory, and found changes in adult fecundity and calf survival could alter harvest decisions when λ<1.

4. Practical implication. While moose population trajectories may remain stable under current conditions, management of white-tailed deer that reduces moose exposure to lethal parasites may provide the greatest utility in sustaining moose in New York given the potential for increased disease. Continued monitoring of population size, growth, and disease prevalence would inform sustainable moose harvest levels that balance social and ecological management considerations.

Suggested Citation

Grauer, J.A., Frair, J.L., Schuler, K.L., Kramer, D.W., and Fuller, A.K., 2026, Exploring management options for moose at their southern range limits considering growing disease risk: Ecological Solutions and Evidence, v. 7, no. 2, e70229, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.70229.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Exploring management options for moose at their southern range limits considering growing disease risk
Series title Ecological Solutions and Evidence
DOI 10.1002/2688-8319.70229
Volume 7
Issue 2
Publication Date April 01, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher British Ecological Society
Contributing office(s) Coop Res Unit Leetown
Description e70229, 12 p.
Country United States
State New York
Other Geospatial Adirondack Park
Additional publication details