Future water constraints on United States lithium mining under climate change

Communications Earth & Environment
By: , and 

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Abstract

Lithium is necessary for low-carbon technologies that combat climate change, but lithium extraction is water-intensive. Changes in temperature and precipitation arising from climate change are altering water distribution, which could further strain supplies for new mines and industry, farms, and households. Here we explored how climate change, water use, and mining siting could impact lithium mining in the United States. We analyzed whether there would be sufficient water available to support the single existing and 22 proposed U.S. lithium mines at mid-century under four socioeconomic-climate scenarios and five climate models. Though dependent on socioeconomic-climate scenario, climate model, and lithium deposit type, available water supply in most subbasins would likely be unable to support new mines’ water demands, or even non-mining water demands from other sectors. Water scarcity could hinder the ability of the United States to produce enough lithium to meet domestic demand thereby necessitating higher imports.

Suggested Citation

Trost, J.N., Nassar, N.T., and Dunn, J.B., 2026, Future water constraints on United States lithium mining under climate change: Communications Earth & Environment, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03643-4.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Future water constraints on United States lithium mining under climate change
Series title Communications Earth & Environment
DOI 10.1038/s43247-026-03643-4
Edition Online First
Publication Date May 28, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Nature
Contributing office(s) National Minerals Information Center
Country United States
Other Geospatial conterminous United States
Additional publication details