Are mobile device location data a substitute for travel cost surveys?

Land Economics
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Abstract

Mobile device location data offer a low-cost alternative for measuring visitation to outdoor recreation sites and are known to correlate with official visitation counts. Less is known about whether these data can recover recreation demand and consumer surplus comparable to surveybased methods. We compare travel cost models estimated using mobile device and survey data for 17 U.S. National Park Service sites. Results are mixed. We examine the roles of aggregation and sampling bias and use LASSO regression to assess whether sample and site characteristics explain discrepancies.

Suggested Citation

Bayham, J., Enriquez, A.J., and Richardson, L., 2026, Are mobile device location data a substitute for travel cost surveys?: Land Economics, https://doi.org/10.3368/le.102.3.012626-0015.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Are mobile device location data a substitute for travel cost surveys?
Series title Land Economics
DOI 10.3368/le.102.3.012626-0015
Edition Online First
Publication Date March 11, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher University of Wisconsin Press
Contributing office(s) Fort Collins Science Center
Country United States
Other Geospatial conterminous United States
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