Wildfire smoke reduces the vocal activity of imperiled grassland birds in New York State

Biological Conservation
By: , and 

Metrics

Cited by publications in Crossref
Web analytics dashboard Metrics definitions

Links

Abstract

Smoke from new fire regimes driven by climate change may affect biodiversity in new regions of the world. Wildfires that occurred in eastern Canada in 2023 burned nearly 7.8 million hectares of forest, sending smoke throughout the northeastern United States. We leveraged passive acoustic monitoring to investigate real-time effects of wildfire smoke on vocalization behavior of globally imperiled grassland birds during the breeding season in open land covers across New York State. We determined an overall negative effect of elevated smoke levels on breeding grassland bird vocal activity. We observed the strongest vocalization responses in Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) – a colonial breeding, grassland-obligate species; Bobolink vocal activity sharply dropped during intense smoke early in the breeding season, yet increased during a milder smoke event later in the breeding season. Our results indicate that wildfire smoke can present an additive stressor to already imperiled grassland bird species via potential fitness reductions from decreased communication. While some aspects of smoke exposure may be uncontrollable, our results suggest that increased attention to conservation practices that promote grassland birds in the Northeast could be prioritized to offset negative effects of increased smoke associated with global change.

Suggested Citation

Simamora, T.I., Boycott, T.J., Wood, C.M., and Grodsky, S.M., 2026, Wildfire smoke reduces the vocal activity of imperiled grassland birds in New York State: Biological Conservation, v. 316, 111738, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111738.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Wildfire smoke reduces the vocal activity of imperiled grassland birds in New York State
Series title Biological Conservation
DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111738
Volume 316
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Elsevier
Contributing office(s) Coop Res Unit Leetown
Description 111738, 9 p.
Country United States
State New York
Additional publication details